A Quick Overview; the Role of Balloon Catheters in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

 

A balloon catheter is a form of soft catheter with an inflated balloon at its end that's used in a catheterization process to enlarge an often narrow opening or path inside the body. It is a flexible device used to create, enlarge, or remove the blockage of a passage within the body. The balloon tip can be expanded with air or water to remove obstruction or extend a partially closed passage during the surgical procedure.


 

Balloon catheters are widely used for the treatment of heart-related diseases such as coronary heart disease, caused due to high cholesterol level in blood, high blood pressure, and diabetes. A balloon catheter allows the blood to flow from arteries by making a passageway, during the treatment of coronary heart disease, by making a passageway, avoiding open heart surgery. Moreover, balloon catheters play an important role in angioplasty, help widen the obstructed or narrowed veins or arteries.

The procedure is minimally invasive, as well as economically beneficial for the patient, and helps the patient recover faster than the open surgical procedure. Balloon catheters are widely used in minimally invasive therapeutic and diagnostic procedures, such as delivering stents, opening blockages, dilating vessels, and more.

With the increasing cases of coronary heart disease (owing to the increasing prevalence of high blood pressure and diabetes) and increasing number of smokers worldwide, the demand for balloon catheters is also increasing. For instance, according to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year. Moreover, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a person dies of heart disease every 36 seconds in the United States.

Balloon catheters are of three types, such as fixed-wire balloon catheters, rapid exchange balloon catheters, Over-the-wire balloon catheters. Common applications for balloon catheters include kyphoplasty, balloon carpal tunnelplasty, atherectomy, esophageal dilation, balloon angioplasty, balloon occlusion, stent delivery, drug delivery, transcatheter aortic valve implantation, balloon sinuplasty, cryoablation, renal denervation, etc.

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