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  Ureteroscopes are instruments that have been designed to allow doctors (including surgeons) to look inside the reproductive organs. This is done by passing a thin, lightweight tube through the cervix and up to the vagina. Once there, the tube makes a turn inside the uterus and exits via the fallopian tubes. The purpose of this excursion is to look for problems in the uterus or ovaries, which can cause infertility or hormonal imbalance in women. They are able to find many problems that other instruments might miss. One of the most common uses for such device is when doctors make the very first ultrasound images of pregnancy. The Ureteroscope is able to detect whether or not the fetus is progressing normally through the maternal birth canal and is able to help determine the health of the mother's uterus. Doctors also use these devices when they make the first "cavity" ultrasound images of a woman's abdominal cavity, looking for problems that could be c...

  Transthyretin amyloidosis, a type of arthritis, is a condition that can result from too much accumulation of abnormal amyloid protein in the body. The protein can accumulate in the joints, tendons, and other tissues. Too much of the protein can result in hardening and atrophy of the affected tissues. This usually occurs in the cerebrospinal fluid, or the brain and spinal cord. Although this protein has many uses, including neurotransmission, it is generally known to cause serious medical conditions such as depression and anxiety. The primary means of treating transthyretin amyloidosis treatment is by taking anti-inflammatory medications such as ibuprofen, aspirin, or naproxen. It is also recommended that the patient should get a sufficient amount of sleep every night, exercise regularly and eat a healthy diet. These measures will help to alleviate some of the symptoms associated with this condition. In addition to transthyretin amyloidosis treatment, there are sev...

  Tamoxifen is an antiestrogen, sold under various brand names such as Soltamox. The lliquid brand name is Soltamox and pill brand names include, Nolvadex, Apo-Tamox, Tamofen, and Tamone. It is an FDA approved medication for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. The drug is a hormone therapy given as adjuvant therapy (treatment after successful surgery) in women or men with lymph node negative or lymph node positive breast cancer. It is used to treat men and both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. The drug halts cancer cells from utilizing estrogen and progesterone for spreading in the body. Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator attaches to the estrogen receptors in breast cells to block the effects of estrogen in the breast tissue. It enters the cells to halt the cancer from accessing the hormones they need to grow and spread. The medication binds to estrogen receptor and forms complexes with co-repressors instead of co-activators, th...

  Various pharmaceutical firms produce and commercialize sterile injectables associated with the field of medication delivery. Among other products are subcutaneous pumps and devices, such as intra-pleural pumps, that are used in the treatment of pleural effusions, interstitial lung disease, and other pulmonary diseases. There are various new entrants in the sterile injectables industry. They produce the injectable compounded medication vial products, which are used in the manufacturing of the sterile injectables. These include vials for dialysis machines, dialysis accessories, dialysis devices, insulin pumps, and vial accessories. They also provide a host of disposable syringes, including plastic and steel ones. They offer customization options for both the quantity and the color of the syringe. These pharmaceutical companies focus on the manufacture of sterile solutions for the manufacturing industry. They manufacture components for vial solutions, sterile inject...

  Smart railway is a new concept, which seeks to improve the efficiency of transport by integrating digital technologies with the existing railway technology. The smart concept involves the integration of digital technology equipment and software on a compact modular rail system. Such system will help to increase the speed of trains, reduce waiting time for passengers and provide a reliable and flexible transport system. Smart railway solutions incorporate the latest information technology concepts to provide real-time information to the train crew, locomotive engineer, and train crew supervisor etc. about the state of the train, the engine condition, and other essential information. With the help of such solutions, every aspect of the operational process will be streamlined and made user-friendly. Smart railway solution uses real-time information provided by sensors fitted in the track, switch yard, engine, signals, and communication towers to generate and deliver...

  A radioimmunoassay is an immunoassay that uses radiolabeled molecules. The process differs from a normal immunoassay in that it does not depend on binding or competition between samples. Instead, the binding of the molecules to the antigen is measured using specific antibodies. The radioimmunoassay will use antibodies that have been purified for purposes of identifying all antigens present in the samples. A radioimmunoassay involves the use of a diluted solution of the target substance being tested. The procedure used then determines what concentration of the antigen that will bind to be measured. This is done by the technician mixing the samples with radioimmunoassay and injecting them into a dish where they are evaluated. In this manner, the technician can measure the amount of antibody binding to any target substances in the samples. These assays are highly sensitive and must be specifically calibrated and controlled in order to achieve accurate results. This i...

  A linear accelerators for radiation therapy is a machine that utilizes linear motion to induce permanent internal changes in the body's tissues. This type of therapy is often very effective at relieving pain, stiffness, and inflammation from various types of radiation therapy treatments, as well as helping to protect the patient from further health damage. Since the body can naturally repair itself after such treatments, the Linear Accelerator for Radiation Therapy device is an excellent choice for use in treatment centers everywhere. A Linear Accelerator for Radiation Therapy device works by emitting electromagnetic energy onto the tissue of the patient. This energy is conducted through the patient's skin and is then absorbed by the target organ. As the energy travels through the tissue, it may alter the DNA of the affected cells, thereby correcting any DNA damage that may have occurred during the original therapy procedure. Because this method does not utili...

  Laboratory centrifuge equipment are used to separate materials based on their shape, viscosity, size, and density from the liquid medium in which they dissolve. A centrifuge is a device that uses centrifugal force to separate various components of a fluid. Moreover, it is used to separate cellular element such as red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) from blood sample, separate solid or semisolid precipitant from analytical sample, remove protein precipitate from analytical sample, and to isolate macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and lipids from cell. There is an increasing demand for durable, reliable, and multifunctional laboratory centrifuge equipment , as they are widely used to conduct a diversity of laboratory work. It is an important piece of laboratory, operated by a counter-rotating motor that spins rapidly liquid samples at very high speed. In the process of separating different molecules or cells in biological solutions, this equipment also min...

  Intrathecal pump is a medical device used to deliver medications (via an intrathecal catheter) directly into the space between the spinal cord and the protective sheath surrounding the spinal cord. An intrathecal pain pump implant is a way to relieve some kinds of long-term (chronic) pain or cancer pain. It sends pain medicine through a thin, flexible tube. The tube is inserted into the space around the spinal cord. Intrathecal pump allows precise and sustained release of medication to get rid of various chronic conditions namely multiple sclerosis and cancer pain. An intrathecal pump and catheters are implanted surgically to deliver medication directly into the spinal cord, which offers dramatic pain management. Intrathecal pumps are portable, accurate, easy to use, and also consume very less power. These pumps are used in the treatment of many medical conditions, but the most common use for this product is in the treatment of severe pain associated with disease...

  Some companies have already developed biodegradable packaging from cellulose, using a combination of sugar and resin-based resins. This has been shown to have some commercial potential. However, it is still too early to say whether the cellulose-based food packaging can replace the traditional food packaging. The advantages of biodegradable packaging would be that it is completely biodegradable, therefore contributing to a greener earth where no landfill waste is generated. The biopolymers used to make the food packaging do not add any extra load on landfills, because they break down into smaller particles that are naturally excreted. This also means that the carbon footprint of the biodegradable food packaging is much lower than that of traditional packaging There are several companies that manufacture a variety of different biodegradable packaging from various sources. The companies have introduced alternatives to plastics. One of the challenges facing the indus...

  As per the current scope, implantable drug delivery devices have been used for decades to administer oral medications and liquids to the human body, without the repetitive insertion of needles. Implantable drug delivery is basically the method of administering a medicinal substance, directly into the body, for achieving therapeutic outcomes, in either humans or animals. In this system, a solid dose of medication, which can be taken by mouth or by injection, is made to be absorbed into the body by the targeted organ or tissues. This is a very effective treatment method for various ailments when administered properly and at the right time. It has helped to reduce costs and has increased the quality of life of millions of people. Implantable devices provide the best solution for delivering oral medication. This type of delivery has also benefited mankind in several ways, as more serious health conditions could be controlled or completely cured. The biggest benefit of im...

  The primary objective of immuno-oncology drugs is the development of vaccines and treatments for cancer. Many vaccines are developed by these companies that can be administered into the body through the mucous membranes of the GI tract. One such vaccine is Gardasil, which is administered through the nasal passage into the lungs of the subjects. The vaccines developed by these companies are also capable of destroying or preventing the growth of the circulating tumor cells in the human body. Hence, these vaccines are used in the primary applications of cancer research.   Another area where immuno-oncology drugs are extensively used is the cancer treatment for solid tumors. This technology has also produced promising results in the treatment of solid tumors for which it is being used in various clinical trials. Immuno-Oncology Drugs like paclitaxel, abbalamet, cisplatin, and methotrexate are administered to patients in an outpatient mode of administration. In th...

  Portable Thermal Imagers, also known as thermal microscopes, are special devices used in the medical field. A thermal imager is essentially a miniature camera, like a regular camera, that produces an invisible image on paper, using electromagnetic radiation called infrared light, also known as thermogravimetric camera. This is the primary source of information about the temperature and chemical composition of substances. Thermal imaging uses special types of imaging film or thermal transfer films. This film has a fluorescent coating, which absorbs the light radiation of infrared rays emitted by a thermal imaging device. The images produced by the thermal imaging device is very accurate and can be read by the naked eye. It is the major tool used in many scientific and medical applications such as chemistry, biology, material science, electronics, and the food processing industry. A portable thermal imager is used widely in many medical conditions and researches. It...

  Neurodegenerative diseases are a set of disorders or diseases that affect the brain's neurons. The damage caused by these diseases may be progressive or degenerative. The progression of neurodegenerative disorders leads to the degeneration of neurons. Common neurodegenerative disorders include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's' disease, stroke, Huntington's disease, stroke with loss of consciousness, and brain death. Neurodegenerative disorders may also affect the nerves, tissues, or organs involved in the central nervous system.   There are currently numerous ongoing clinical trials testing new drugs and treatments for neurodegenerative disorders. Two drugs in development for Alzheimer's disease have received FDA approval. The first is an anti-amyloid peptide or AMP that is currently being tested for treatment of mild cognitive impairment in patients. The second is an antipsychotic drug, or antipsychotic agents, that are used to treat people with ...

  Mouthwash is one of the most important medical supplies for any health professional or dentist. There are many effective types of mouthwash on the market today that will work well for most people. One such product is the traditional hydrogen peroxide-based mouthwash product. These have been used by millions of people around the world for decades and are backed up by strong scientific evidence. They are very effective in killing germs and preventing the spread of disease. The biggest problem with them is that over time, they can cause dryness of the mouth, due to the abrasiveness they employ against the outer surface of the teeth. These mouthwash products tend to be very cheap and there is a wide range of choices available. Most are very similar, except for the concentration of active ingredients. Sodium hypochlorite and Butyl Methacrylate are the two most commonly used substances in these formulations. They are both effective at killing bacteria and are also known...

  Hospital Beds come in many forms and sizes. Depending on one's needs and situation, there are the right type and brands to suit an individual's needs. Some brands and types of hospital beds are better than others and provide various extra services that are very helpful to patients. These can make the difference between being admitted to the hospital and being sent home where one may not recover. A contemporary hospital bed is a common bed used in a hospital for patients who are in need of immediate medical care or those who simply don't want to stay in their current hospital room. Typically, hospital beds are of low quality and are not of a very high standard, however, the right ones can provide the comfort of a higher-class hotel bed. Also, a hospital cot or hospital bed is a bed specifically designed for those in need of special medical attention or even those who just need to be checked in although they are not admitted to the hospital. These beds also ...

  Electronic prescribing is the computerized electronic filling, transduction, and delivery of a health care prescription, replacing the traditional paper and faxed prescriptions to buy prescription writing. There are several benefits of this new technology that make it an attractive option for the practice of medicine. In essence, electronic prescribing reduces the time associated with patient care by minimizing errors. It also reduces the possibility of professional liability for providers who incorrectly prescribe medications or fail to provide patients with the information they need in order to make informed choices. This article will discuss the many benefits of electronic prescribing. The biggest benefit of e-prescribing is the reduction in errors and the elimination of wasted time through the use of electronic prescribing. When a patient visits a physical office to receive physical therapy or diagnostic service, the provider typically jots down the name of th...

  The endocrine system consists of an intricate network of glandular structures that secreted hormones that regulate many important body processes, such as the body's capability to convert fats into energy which powers living tissues and organs, and the rate at which cells are replaced after injury or disease. Many diseases have been linked to endocrine dysfunctions and include breast cancer, diabetes, obesity, Alzheimer's, and multiple sclerosis. Endocrine disorders can be caused by exposure to toxins such as cigarette smoke, certain chemicals and pesticides, stress, infection, hormones, drugs, and radiation. Tumors can also cause endocrine problems as well, although very few tumors have been found to contain hormones and/or endocrine stimulating agents. Endocrine dysfunctions can cause hormonal imbalance, which can affect the pituitary gland which directly controls hormone production The rising prevalence of endocrine disorders such as hyperthyroidism is primar...

  Electrochromic glass (dynamic glass or smart glass) is an electronically switchable glass used for facades, skylights, windows, and curtain walls. The glass helps improve occupant comfort, reduce energy costs, maximize access to daylight and outdoor views, and provide architects with more design freedom. Moreover, electrochromic glass allows the user to control both the heat and light passing through the glass, regulating temperature remotely. It works on the principle of electrochromism, which requires the use of a material that can change color or opacity when a potential difference is applied to a surface. There is an increasing demand for electrochromic glass due to these relative advantages over conventional glass. Electrochromic glass is made of two or more layers of material that can be thinned and layered like a fingerprint. The layered glass may have one layer which is clear or have another layer that is coated with color. These layers change the light tran...